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Its pretty clear in these uncertain times that theres a New Normal out there. There will always be the possibility of a terror event or shooting whenever crowds of people gather. Almost daily a terrorist or madman causes death and destruction somewhere. If you learn to be situationally aware you wont be a soft target for these savages.
The basics of situational awareness are described in what is called the OODA Loop. It was first devised by Air Force fighter pilot Colonel John Boyd. Originally meant to help in an aerial dogfight its useful in all sorts of settings. The four steps of the OODA Loop are: Observe Orient Decide and Act. Its a loop because you go back to the observe step after you act to determine if the situation has resolved or if further action is needed.
Observe: Yellow Alert
Stay at Yellow Alert when in crowds
Youve heard of red alert but lets go to yellow alert as our stance in most cases. Yellow alert is best described as relaxed awareness." you have your head up and scanning the surroundings with all your senses. Most people associate situational awareness with what they can see but you also learn a lot from the sounds (or lack thereof) and even smells in the environment.
Its important to stay relaxed. Staying relaxed ensures that you remain focused on the important aspects of the environment but not to the exclusion of new factors that might arise.
Put yourself in a position for optimal observation. You need to be able to take in as much of your surroundings as possible. When you enter any environment place yourself so that you can see as much of the area in question. If its a restaurant have a view of the exits (maybe a table by a wall). You might not be able to choose which table to sit at but you can pick a chair which gives you the best view of whats going on.
Orient: Baselines and Anomalies
Being observant however isnt enough. You have to know what youre looking for and then put that information into context. The Orient step establishes baselines and anomalies for a particular environment and the human behaviors that match it or dont.
Whatever setting youre in establish a baseline. A baseline is whats normal" in a given situation and its different for different instances. For example the baseline at Starbucks is people reading books working on their computer or talking with friends. The baseline at a rock concert would be loud music and people jumping up and down and shouting. If someone is jumping up and down and shouting at Starbucks thats what we call an anomaly.
Anomalies are things that should happen in a situation but dont or things that do happen but shouldnt and are what we need to focus on. Questions you might ask yourself in a crowd: Whats the general mood? How should people be behaving? Who is doing something thats different from the norm?
For example is someone acting in an aggressive manner? Most people are in submissive mode normally. We all want to get along after all. If someone is at a burger joint screaming at the guy behind the counter I said no cheese you idiot!" thats someone to keep an eye on.
Is someone acting too interested in something that ordinarily wouldnt catch their attention? If you see a guy staring at the garbage can in your workplace thats an anomaly. If theyre too uninterested though thats also something thats not normal. Say theres a ticking suitcase in the middle of the mall and only one person isnt paying attention to it thats an anomaly.
Perhaps the most significant anomaly is someone thats acting uncomfortable in a place where everyone is relaxed. People appear uncomfortable in many ways. One of them is constantly checking their six"; that is always looking nervously behind them. If someone is constantly looking over their shoulder thats an anomaly and deserves your attention. Thats not to say that everyone whos uncomfortable is a threat. They might be late for work for example or just had an argument with a significant other. Still you might want to keep an eye on them.
On the other hand someone whos comfortable when others are in a panic such as videos of the Boston Marathon bombers showed could be someone who expected the disaster to occur.
You might take a look at what people are doing with their hands. Law enforcement often wants to see the hands of someone theyre suspicious of. People who are constantly patting a pocket or reaching inside a jacket especially if a jacket isnt warranted for the weather could be concealing a weapon or worse.
Decide and Act
Once you decided that theres an anomaly that might represent a threat have a plan of action to counter it. If a guy with a gun shows up at your workplace the best course of action might be to hoof it out of there. If hes right next to you and escape is unlikely however your best choice might be to act to incapacitate him.
To recap: Observe the situation. Orient to establish baselines and look for anomalies. Decide on an action. Act.
All this attention to detail may seem paranoid to you but its time to realize that these are dangerous times. Incorporate a constant state of Yellow alert by putting away those smartphones and incorporate the OODA loop whenever youre in a crowd. Do this and youll be situationally aware enough to gain extra time that could mean the difference between life and death.
